Lecture 8: Nga mahi kino a Tauiwi

Lecture 8

Nga mahi kino a Tauiwi

Chapter 6 Pg 195 

Appendices 3- Place names

Doctrine of Discovery

• Mentality of White Christians is that they are superior. Similar to other indigenous cultures.
• Basis for racism. Entrenched in this culture. Cook approached NZ with this attitude as did Hobson.
• Outlawed after second world war- 1966
• 1970s -NZ first developed laws to outlaw racism. International Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Racial Discrimination.
• NZ has struggled to acknowledge racism that is prevalent and now to fix it.
• NZ still rely of doctrine of discovery in treaty settlements
• Results in pakeha ownership, wealth and priveledge accumulation.

Racism- teachers need to protect children from it.

• - An attitude, not born with it.
• -races can be ranked in superiortity and inferioroty.
• - justifies that people can use power to descriminate and deprives others, based on race.
• -derives from Euro colonisation, justification in the oppressions

Theft 95% of NK lands 1834-20
(Will be in test)

• Gipps told Hobson sovereignty means "crown owns all land"
• 'land sales'- none in Tai Tokerau until at least 1900s when Maori could speak English, The maori word did not exist until 1890s hoko whenua- sale of land
• 'surplus lands'- 1840 Crown issuing titles. Crown asks Pakeha what land do you have from Maori? Pakeha were allowed a certain amount of land. If it was over this allocation, it was claimed by Crown as 'surplus land' rather than given back to hapu. 
• by fiat - because I said so.
• 'scrip lands'- some dishonest Pakeha claimed land. If hapu caught them out the crown then gave him some of Ngati Whatua land in Tamaki Makaurau. The Crown then kept the land.
• 'Crown grant'- this land was sold to Pakeha
• 'Crown purchase'- 
• 'consideration'- token money given once land was stolen. Often was promised and not paid or paid to wrong person. Favoritism with certain Maori over others. 
• Tuku whenua- Maori allowing Pakeha to use land. Pakeha arriving were destitute. Idea was for pakeha to stay with hapu

Kaitaia- several unothorised tuku whenua to missionaries. To hold them in the community. Maori was understanding that they were staying with them on these lands.

Taipa Maheatai- up Oruru and Kohumaru.

• Land was tuku whenua to Doctor Ford with promise that he would cure Maori of newly introduced diseases. Moved away and became "script land".

1840-1865- Land seizures.

Forcing tuku whenua. Maori opposing therefore crown- divide and rule.

Doctrine of discovery still underlining the attitude.

1930-1970- Consolidation and Land Devel. Maori having multiple shares in multiple areas, govt redispersing Maori ownership. Doc of Discovery attitude again.

1900-1988- Rating of Maori land. Rating against Pakeha lands but the land was not as good so rates could not be paid therefore land was taken. For example Maitai Bay- DOC

Public Works- often used Maori land for roads etc.

2004- Foreshore and Seabed

Pending- SNA. NK plan to oppose this strongly

Socio Economic Impacts

Attempts to destroy language and culture.

Fighting to save te reo

1987- Official language but no support

Kohunga reo, Kura Kaupapa- hugely integral.

Don't experience racism in the same way as mainstream. Therefore more successful.

Reluctant support from government. Underfunded.

TUTORIAL

Diseases- indigenous populations decimated world wide.

Revenge to iwi- blankets with small pox given to them.

Cook - germ warfare throughout Pacific.

Maori caring for sick sailors/whalers etc. Caught diseases.

Maori immunity was not high like Pakeha.